Carboxylic acid is usually a weak organic acid containing a carboxyl functional group, and the general formula of carboxylic acid is R-COOH. EDC reacts with carboxyl groups to generate reactive O-acylisourea intermediates that are easily displaced from primary amines by nucleophiles. The primary amine forms a stable amide bond with the original carboxyl group, and the EDC by-product is released as a soluble urea derivative.