DSPE-Aldehyde (DSPE-ALD)

Key Properties

• A functional phospholipid composed of a DSPE lipid core and a reactive aldehyde (-CHO) group on the terminal amine of the ethanolamine head.
• Amphiphilic: hydrophobic diacyl lipid tails for bilayer insertion, and a hydrophilic reactive aldehyde head for bioconjugation.
• Undergoes reductive amination with primary amines (-NH₂) of proteins, peptides, antibodies, or other biomolecules under mild conditions.
• Forms stable covalent bonds without copper or harsh catalysts, making it suitable for sensitive biological molecules.
• High biocompatibility and strong bilayer-stabilizing behavior in liposomes and lipid nanoparticles.
• Practically insoluble in water; soluble in chloroform, methanol, DMSO, and ethanol.
• Usually supplied as a white to pale yellow waxy solid or powder.
• Requires storage at −20 °C, protected from light and oxidation.

Applications

• Surface functionalization of liposomes, LNPs, and micelles with targeting ligands (peptides, antibodies, aptamers).
• Conjugation of proteins, enzymes, and polymers to lipid membranes for targeted drug delivery.
• Preparation of long-circulating or stealth nanoparticles by coupling with PEG or hydrophilic polymers.
• Labeling of cell membranes, exosomes, and biomimetic vesicles for imaging and tracking.
• Modification of implant surfaces and hydrogels for improved biocompatibility.
• Used in gene delivery systems to attach functional motifs to lipid‑based nucleic acid carriers.