DSPE-Succinic Acid

Key Properties

• A carboxyl-functionalized phospholipid consisting of a DSPE lipid core and a terminal succinic acid (–COOH) moiety on the ethanolamine head group.
• Amphiphilic molecule with highly hydrophobic saturated stearoyl tails for stable bilayer integration and a hydrophilic carboxyl group for chemical conjugation.
• Contains a reactive carboxylic acid group that can be activated and coupled with amine-containing molecules via amide bond formation.
• Biocompatible, low toxicity, and excellent structural stability in liposomal and lipid nanoparticle assemblies.
• Practically insoluble in water; soluble in chloroform, methanol, DMSO, and other organic solvents.
• Typically appears as a white to off-white waxy solid.
• Stable under dry conditions; recommended storage at −20 °C, desiccated and protected from light.

Applications

• Used as a carboxyl-functional building block for surface modification of liposomes, LNPs, micelles, and lipid bilayers.
• Enables covalent conjugation with aminated ligands, peptides, proteins, antibodies, and polymers.
• Intermediate for synthesizing DSPE-NHS ester and other activated lipid derivatives.
• Applied in the preparation of targeted delivery systems for nucleic acids (mRNA, DNA, siRNA) and small-molecule drugs.
• Used for surface functionalization of biomembranes, exosomes, and biomaterial interfaces.
• Serves as a stabilizer and functional linker in lipid-based formulations for in vitro and in vivo research.