Propidium Iodide (CAS: 25535-16-4)
Propidium Iodide (PI) is a red-fluorescent dye that stains DNA in cells with damaged membranes. It helps distinguish between live and dead cells in biological assays.
Key Features:
- Chemical Formula: C₂₇H₃₄I₂N₄
- Molecular Weight: 668.39 g/mol
- Fluorescence:
- Free in Solution: Excitation at 493 nm, emission at 636 nm
- DNA-bound: Excitation at ~535 nm, emission at ~617 nm (20-30x increased fluorescence)
- Cell Permeability: Stains only dead or damaged cells.
Propidium Iodide Applications:
- Flow Cytometry:
- Tracks cell viability and DNA content during cell cycle analysis.
- Fluorescence Microscopy:
- Stains DNA in fixed cells and tissues.
- Apoptosis and Necrosis Detection:
- Identifies apoptotic, necrotic, and healthy cells based on membrane integrity.
Handling and Storage:
- Form: Powder or solution
- Storage: 2-8°C, protected from light
- Safety: Use with caution. PI is a potential mutagen; wear protective gear and follow proper disposal rules.
PI is essential for research in cell viability, DNA staining, and cell cycle analysis.
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