Toxicokinetics refers to the process of the compound entering the animal body and the animal’s reaction to the compound when the administered dose exceeds the therapeutic dose. Like pharmacokinetics, it also needs to go through the four steps of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination.
There are many factors that affect the toxicity of a compound, but most of the factors are related to the toxicological kinetics of the compound, including the residence time and concentration at the administration site, the rate and total amount of compound absorption, the distribution of the compound in the body, and the concentration in organs, the rate of metabolism, the nature of the metabolites, the total amount and duration of the compound or its metabolites in the body tissues, and the speed and manner of the compound’s excretion.
AxisPharm offers full service of toxicokinetic study in mouse, rat, dog, monkey, and etc. We also perform the bioanalysis of toxicology samples from other contract labs.
Toxicokinetics and Bioanalysis
| Species | Mouse, rat, dog, monkey, cat, rabbit, guinea pig |
| Dosing route | P.O., I.V., I.M.; I. P. etc |
| Groups | multiple groups, one group per dosage |
| Dosage | High, medium, low dosages |
| Dosing frequency | Single dose or repeat dose |
| Number of animals | 3 per group |
| Time points | After the first and last dosing |
| Analysis method | LC-MS/MS |
| Data Analysis | WinNonlin |
Bioanalytical methods in toxicology studies provide critical data to assess the toxicity, exposure levels, and potential risks associated with various substances. These methods enable scientists to understand the underlying mechanisms of toxicity, support risk assessment, and contribute to the development of safer products and environmental management strategies. Here’s an overview of the role of bioanalytical methods in toxicology studies:
Exposure Assessment: Bioanalytical methods are used to measure the concentration of toxicants or their metabolites in biological samples, such as blood, urine, tissues, or excreta. These measurements help determine the extent of exposure to the toxicant and assess the relationship between exposure levels and potential toxicity.
Pharmacokinetics: Bioanalytical methods facilitate the determination of pharmacokinetic parameters for toxicants, including absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME). These studies provide insights into how the toxicant is absorbed, distributed, and eliminated from the body and how it interacts with various organs and tissues.
Biomarker Analysis: Bioanalytical methods enable the measurement of biomarkers associated with toxicity. Biomarkers can be molecular, cellular, or biochemical indicators of exposure to a toxicant, early biological effects, or potential organ damage. Biomarker analysis provides valuable information on the toxicant’s mechanism of action and its impact on biological systems.
Dose-Response Assessment: Bioanalytical methods contribute to dose-response assessment by quantifying the concentration of the toxicant in relation to the observed toxic effects. These measurements aid in determining the toxicant’s potency, establishing dose-response relationships, and defining thresholds for adverse effects.
Metabolism and Biotransformation: Bioanalytical methods help identify and characterize the metabolic pathways of toxicants. By analyzing metabolites, researchers can gain insights into the detoxification or activation processes and potential reactive intermediates that may contribute to toxicity.
Species Comparison and Extrapolation: Bioanalytical methods allow for the measurement and comparison of toxicant concentrations and metabolite profiles across different species. These comparative studies aid in understanding species differences in susceptibility and help extrapolate toxicological findings from animal models to human exposure scenarios.
Analytical Method Development and Validation: Bioanalytical methods used in toxicology studies must be robust, sensitive, and specific. Method development involves optimizing sample preparation techniques, choosing appropriate analytical techniques (e.g., chromatography, mass spectrometry), and validating the methods to ensure accuracy, precision, and reliability of the data.
Regulatory Compliance: Bioanalytical methods used in toxicology studies are subject to regulatory guidelines and standards. Compliance with these guidelines ensures that the data generated from the bioanalytical methods are reliable and acceptable for regulatory submissions, risk assessment, or safety evaluations.
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