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What is immunoelectrophoresis?

Immunoelectrophoresis is a qualitative method that combines agar electrophoresis and two-dimensional agar diffusion for analyzing antigen composition. Founded in 1953 by Grabar and Williams. This technology has both the high specificity of antigen-antibody reaction and the rapidity, sensitivity and high resolution of electrophoresis separation technology. It is a basic immunology technology widely used in the field of bioanalytical medicine.

Normal value
Test results were negative.

Clinical significance
Abnormal results: In recent years, this method is mainly used for: analysis of serum protein components, such as multiple myeloma, liver disease, systemic lupus erythematosus, etc.; detection of the purity of antigens and antibodies; research of various components of antibodies, etc. It is also commonly used for qualitative and semi-quantitative detection of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), alpha-fetoprotein and various immunoglobulins in serum.

People who need to be checked: People with related diseases and symptoms, especially those with liver disease, and newborns can be tested for preventive measures.

Precautions
Unsuitable crowd: No special requirements.​
Contraindications before the examination: Overeating, especially spicy food, is contraindicated. And taboo strenuous exercise.​
Inspection requirements: fasting blood test. Follow your doctor’s orders.

Inspection process
First, add the antigen to the small holes of the agar plate for electrophoresis, then dig a horizontal groove in the center of the agar plate, add the known corresponding immune serum, and after a certain period of time, the two will diffuse to each other, and the ratio of antigen and antibody will be optimal. A precipitation arc is formed. According to the number, position and shape of the precipitation arcs, and referring to the electropherogram formed by known antigens and antibodies, the components contained in the sample can be analyzed. This method requires less sample, high specificity and strong resolution. However, the substance to be analyzed must be antigenic, and the antiserum must contain all antibody components.

Related diseases
Antitrypsin deficiency, pleural amebiasis, parvovirus infection, California encephalitis, multilocular echinococcosis, meningococcal meningitis, Haemophilus influenzae infection, immune response, hepatitis, herpes zoster virus scleritis.

Related symptoms
Liver pain, discoid erythema, firm tumor